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  7                <title>Berezan. Business letter</title>
  8                <editor>Donatella Erdas</editor>
  9                <editor>Anna Magnetto</editor>
 10            </titleStmt>
 11            <publicationStmt>
 12                <authority>Laboratory of Computer Sciences for Ancient Languages, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa</authority>
 13                <idno type="filename">GEI020</idno>
 14                <availability><p>for internal use only</p></availability>
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 16            <sourceDesc>
 17                <ab>Aimed for
 18                <bibl xml:id="ErdMagCS"><author>D. Erdas</author>, <author>A. Magnetto</author>, 
 19                    <title>Corpus delle iscrizioni economiche greche</title> in c.s.</bibl>;
 20                this version born digital</ab>
 21                <ab>
 22                    <msDesc>
 23                    <msIdentifier/>
 24                        <physDesc>
 25                            <objectDesc>
 26                                <supportDesc>
 27                                    <support>
 28                                        <p>private letter written on one side of a <material>lead</material> <objectType>sheet</objectType> found rolled in a tube; the address is engraved in the sheet’s obverse side (dimensions: 
 29                                            <dimensions>
 30                                                <height unit="cm">6.5</height>
 31                                                <width unit="cm">15.0</width>
 32                                            </dimensions>)</p>
 33                                    </support>
 34                                </supportDesc>
 35                                <layoutDesc>
 36                                    <layout>the writing is left to right</layout>
 37                                </layoutDesc>
 38                            </objectDesc>
 39                            <handDesc>
 40                                <handNote>Milesian alphabet</handNote>
 41                            </handDesc>
 42                        </physDesc>
 43                        <history>
 44                            <origin>
 45                                <ab><origPlace><geogName>Berezan</geogName> (Black Sea area)</origPlace></ab>
 46                                <ab><origDate when="-0500" cert="low" evidence="lettering">ca. 500 BC (dated on letters form)</origDate></ab>
 47                            </origin>
 48                            <provenance>
 49                                <listEvent>
 50                                    <event type="found">
 51                                        <p><geogName>Berezan</geogName> (from the excavations of 1970)</p>
 52                                    </event>
 53                                    <event type="observed">
 54                                        <p>St. Peterburg, The State Hermitage Museum (inv. 8.70. 322)</p>
 55                                    </event>
 56                                </listEvent>
 57                            </provenance>
 58                        </history>
 59                    </msDesc>
 60                </ab>
 61            </sourceDesc>
 62        </fileDesc>
 63        <encodingDesc>
 64            <p>Marked-up according to the EpiDoc Guidelines and Schema, version 8</p>
 65            <projectDesc>
 66                <p>Sample for a Corpus of Greek Economical Inscriptions</p>
 67            </projectDesc>
 68        </encodingDesc>
 69        <profileDesc>
 70            <langUsage>
 71                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
 72                <language ident="la">Latin</language>
 73                <language ident="grc-Latn">Transliterated Greek</language>
 74                <language ident="en">English</language>
 75                <language ident="it">Italian</language>
 76                <language ident="fr">French</language>
 77                <language ident="de">German</language>
 78            </langUsage>
 79            <textClass>
 80                <keywords scheme="subjects">
 81                    <term>merchants</term>
 82                    <term>trade</term>
 83                    <term>export</term>
 84                </keywords>
 85                <keywords scheme="type">
 86                    <term>businessman's letter</term>
 87                </keywords>
 88            </textClass>
 89        </profileDesc>
 90    </teiHeader>
 91    <text>
 92        <body>
 93            <div type="bibliography" subtype="referenceEdition">
 94                <head>Reference edition</head>
 95                <bibl>Chadwick 1973, 35-37 (cf. <title>SEG</title> 26 845), with changes</bibl>
 96            </div>
 97            <div type="bibliography" subtype="editions">
 98                <head>Other editions</head>
 99                <bibl>Ed. pr. <ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0145">Vinogradov 1971</ref> (in Russian with an English summary);</bibl>  
100                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0146">Bravo 1974</ref>;</bibl>
101                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0147">Pippidi 1974</ref> (in Roumanian, with a French summary);</bibl>
102                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0148">Yailenko 1974</ref> (in Russian, with an English summary);</bibl> 
103                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0149">Miller 1975</ref>;</bibl>
104                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0150">Merkelbach 1975</ref>;</bibl>
105                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0133">Bravo 1977</ref>, <biblScope unit="page">52-53</biblScope>, note 6;</bibl>
106                    <bibl>Kupiszewski 1979, <biblScope unit="page">189-199</biblScope>;</bibl>
107                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0042">Bravo 1980</ref>, <biblScope unit="page">880-885</biblScope>;</bibl>
108                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0151">Gallavotti 1987</ref>;</bibl>
109                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0152">Gallavotti 1990</ref>;</bibl>
110                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0008">Jeffery, Johnston, <title>LSAG</title></ref><edition>2</edition>, <biblScope unit="page">420, 478</biblScope>, no. 60c, Pl. 80;</bibl>
111                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0153">L. Dubois, <title>IGDOP</title></ref> 23;</bibl>
112                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0157">Bravo 2011</ref> (cf. <title>BE</title> 2012 306);</bibl>
113                    <bibl>Ceccarelli 2013, 335, no. 1</bibl>
114            </div>
115            <div type="bibliography" subtype="illustrations">
116                <head>Photographs</head>
117                <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0008">Jeffery, Johnston, <title>LSAG</title></ref><edition>2</edition>, Pl. 80, 1</bibl>
118            </div>
119            <div type="bibliography" subtype="other">
120                <head>Translations</head>
121                <bibl>Austin, Vidal-Naquet 1977, 220-223 (English);</bibl>
122                <bibl><title>IGDOP</title> 23 (French);</bibl>
123                <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0078">Dillon, Garland 2000</ref>, no. 1.64 (English);</bibl>
124                <bibl>Marginesu 2007, 138-147 (Italian);</bibl>
125                <bibl>Ceccarelli 2013, 335, no. 1 (English)</bibl>
126            </div>
127            <div type="bibliography" subtype="other">
128                <head>Bibliography</head>
129                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0154">Yailenko 1975</ref> (Russian, with an English summary);</bibl>
130                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0046">Austin, Vidal-Naquet1977</ref>, <biblScope unit="page">220-223</biblScope>;</bibl>
131                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0155">Gauthier 1982</ref>;</bibl>
132                    <bibl>Lombardo 1988, <biblScope unit="page">159-187</biblScope>;</bibl>
133                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0055">Wilson 1997</ref>, <biblScope unit="page">35-40</biblScope> (with translation);</bibl>
134                    <bibl>Vinogradov 1998, <biblScope unit="page">153–78</biblScope>;</bibl>
135                    <bibl>Heinen 2001, <biblScope unit="page">490-492</biblScope>;</bibl>
136                    <bibl>Henry 2004, <biblScope unit="page">765-767</biblScope>;</bibl>
137                    <bibl>Marginesu 2007, 138-147;</bibl>
138                    <bibl>Solovyov 2007, <biblScope unit="page">88</biblScope>, no. 13;</bibl>
139                    <bibl>Osborne 2008, <biblScope unit="page">291-292</biblScope>;</bibl>
140                    <bibl><ref target="GEIBibl/#bibl0156">Eidinow, Taylor 2010, no. E1</ref></bibl>
141            </div>
142            <div type="edition" xml:lang="grc" xml:space="preserve">
143                <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="recto">
144                    <ab>
145                        <lb n="1"/><w lemma="ὦ">Ὦ</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0096"><name nymRef="Πρωταγόρης"><w lemma="Πρωταγόρης">Πρωταγόρη</w></name></persName>, <w lemma="ὀ">ὀ</w> <w lemma="πατήρ">πατήρ</w> <w lemma="σύ">τοι</w> <w lemma="ἐπιστέλλω">ἐπιστέλλε̄</w> <w lemma="ἀδικέω">ἀδικε͂ται</w>
146                        <lb n="2"/><w lemma="ὑπό">ὐπò</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0097"><name nymRef="Μάτασυς"><w lemma="Μάτασυς">Ματάσυος</w></name></persName>, <w lemma="δουλεύω">δο̄λõται</w> <w lemma="γάρ">γάρ</w> <w lemma="μιν">μιγ</w> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ὀ">τõ</w>
147                        <lb n="3"/><rs type="economic"><w lemma="φορτηγέσιον">φορτηγεσίο̄</w></rs> <w lemma="ἀποστερέω">ἀπεστέρε̄σεν</w>. <w lemma="ἔρχομαι">ἐλθὼμ</w> <w lemma="παρά">παρ᾿</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0098"><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης">Ἀναξαγό<seg type="outofline" rend="below_right-to-left" cert="high" part="N">ρην</seg></w></name></persName>
148                        <lb n="4"/><w lemma="ἀφηγέομαι">ἀπήγησαι</w>, <w lemma="φημί">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="γάρ">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτòν</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0098"><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης">Ἀναξαγόρεω</w></name></persName>
149                        <lb n="5"/><w lemma="δοῦλος">δõλον</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ͂ναι</w> <w lemma="μυθέομαι">μυθεόμενος</w>· <w lemma="ὀ">Τ</w><w lemma="ἐμός">ἄμ᾿</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0098"><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης">Ἀνα<supplied reason="omitted">ξα</supplied>γόρης</w></name></persName> <w lemma="ἔχω">ἔχε̄</w>, <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="δοῦλος">δο̄λο̄ς</w>
150                        <lb n="6"/><w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="δούλη">δο̄λας</w> <w lemma="καί">κ</w><rs type="economic"><w lemma="οἰκία">οἰκίας</w></rs>. <w lemma="ὀ">ὀ</w> <w lemma="δέ">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ἀναβοάω">ἀναβῶι</w> <w lemma="τε">τε</w>
151                        <lb n="7"/><w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="οὐ">οὔ</w> <w lemma="φημί">φησιν</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ͂ναι</w> <w lemma="οὐδείς">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ἑαυτοῦ">ἐωυτῶι</w> <w lemma="τε">τε</w> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0097"><name nymRef="Μάτασυς"><w lemma="Μάτασυς">Ματάσ<supplied reason="omitted">υι</supplied></w></name></persName>
152                        <lb n="8"/><w lemma="καί">καί</w> <w lemma="φημί">φησιν</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ͂ναι</w>, <w lemma="ἐλεύθερος">ἐλεόθερος</w> <w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="οὐδείς">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ͂ναι</w> <w lemma="ἑαυτοῦ">ἐωυτ<supplied reason="omitted">ῶ</supplied>ι</w>
153                        <lb n="9"/><w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0097"><name nymRef="Μάτασυς"><w lemma="Μάτασυς">Ματά<supplied reason="omitted">συι</supplied></w></name></persName>. <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0097"><name nymRef="Μάτασυς"><w lemma="Μάτασυς"><supplied reason="omitted">Μα</supplied>τάσυ<supplied reason="omitted">ι</supplied></w></name></persName> <w lemma="δέ">δὲ</w> <w lemma="τίς">τί</w> <w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτῶι</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0098"><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="καί">κἀναξαγόρη</w></w></name></persName> <w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτοὶ</w>
154                        <lb n="10"/><w lemma="οἶδα">οἴδασι</w> <w lemma="κατά">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="σφός">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτο̄ς</w>. <w lemma="οὗτος">ταῦτ᾿</w> <persName><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης">Ἀναξαγόρη</w></name></persName> <w lemma="λέγω">λέγε̄ν</w>
155                        <lb n="11"/><w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ὀ">τῆ</w> <w lemma="γυνή">γυναικί</w>. <w lemma="ἕτερος">ἔτερα</w> <w lemma="δέ">δέ</w> <w lemma="σύ">τοι</w> <w lemma="ἐπιστέλλω">ἐπιστέλλε̄</w>. <w lemma="ὀ">τὴμ</w> <w lemma="μήτηρ">μητέρα</w>
156                        <lb n="12"/><w lemma="καί">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ὀ">το̄ς</w> <w lemma="ἀδελφός">ἀδε<supplied reason="omitted">λ</supplied>φεὺς</w> <w lemma="ὅς"><supplied reason="omitted">o</supplied>ἴ</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ͂σ<surplus>σ</surplus>ιν</w> <w lemma="ἐν">ἐν</w> <placeName ref="GEIListPlace/#plc0021"><name nymRef="Ἀρβινάται"><w lemma="Ἀρβινάται">Ἀρβινάτηισιν</w></name></placeName> <w lemma="ἄγω">ἄγε̄ν</w> <w lemma="εἰς">ἐς</w> <w lemma="ὀ">τὴμ</w> <w lemma="πόλις">πόλιν</w>,
157                        <lb n="13"/><w lemma="αὐτός">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="δέ">δὲ</w> <persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0099"><name nymRef="Εὄνεορος"><w lemma="Εὄνεορος"><unclear>Εὄ</unclear>νεορος</w></name></persName> <w lemma="ἔρχομαι">ἐλθὼμ</w> <w lemma="παρά">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="μινθύωρα">μινθύωρα</w> <w lemma="καταβαίνω">καταβήσεται</w>.
158                    </ab>
159                </div>
160                <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="verso">
161                    <ab>
162                        <lb n="1"/><persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0100"><name nymRef="Ἀχιλλόδωρος"><w lemma="Ἀχιλλόδωρος">Ἀχιλλοδώρο̄</w></name></persName> <w lemma="ὀ">τὸ</w> <w lemma="μολίβδιον">μολί
163                        <lb break="no" n="2"/>βδιον</w> <w lemma="παρά">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ὀ">τόμ</w> <w lemma="παῖς">παῖδα</w>
164                        <lb n="3"/><persName type="private" ref="GEIListPers/#pvt0098"><name nymRef="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="Ἀναξαγόρης"><w lemma="καί">κἀναξαγόρην</w></w></name></persName>
165                    </ab>
166                </div>
167            </div>
168            <div type="commentary" xml:lang="en" xml:space="preserve">
169                <lb/>
170                <lb/>
171                <lb/><p>Austin, M.M. and P. Vidal-Naquet (1977), <title>Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece. An Introduction</title>, Berkeley-Los Angeles</p>
172                <lb/><p>Bravo, B. (1974), ‘Une lettre sur plomb de Berezan. Colonisation et modes de contact dans le Pont’, <title>DHA</title> 1, 110-187</p>
173                <lb/><p>Bravo, B. (1977), ‘Remarques sur les assises sociales, les formes d’organisation et la terminologie du commerce maritime à l’époque archaïque’, <title>DHA</title> 3, 1-59</p>
174                <lb/><p>Bravo, B. (1980), ‘Sulân. Représailles et justice privée contre des étrangers dans les cités grecques. Étude du vocabulaire et des institutions’, <title>ASNP</title> s. III, 10.3, 675-987</p>
175                <lb/><p>Bravo, B. (2011), ‘Tre lettere di mercanti del Mar Nero settentrionale rivisitate. Sui modi di organizzazione e gli attori del commercio e sulla ‘giustizia privata’ in <title>poleis</title> ed <title>emporia</title>’, <title>Palamedes</title> 6, 37-91</p>
176                <lb/><p>Ceccarelli, P. (2013), <title>Ancient Greek Letter Writing. A Cultural History (600 BC–150 BC)</title>, Oxford</p>
177                <lb/><p>Chadwick, J. (1973), ‘The Berezan lead letter’, <title>PCPhS</title> 199, 35-37</p>
178                <lb/><p>Dillon, M. and L. Garland (2000), <title>Ancient Greece. Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Socrates (c. 800 - 399 BC)</title>, London-New York</p>
179                <lb/><p>Eidinow, E. and C. Taylor (2010), ‘Lead-Letter Days: Writing, Communication and Crisis in the Ancient Greek World’, <title>CQ</title> 60, 30-62</p>
180                <lb/><p>Gallavotti, C. (1987), ‘Revisione di testi epigrafici’, <title>BollClass</title> 8, 4-9</p><lb/><p>Gallavotti, C. (1987), ‘Revisione di testi epigrafici’, <title>BollClass</title> 8, 4-9</p>
181                <lb/><p>Gallavotti, C. (1990), ‘Revisione di testi epigrafici’, <title>BollClass</title> 11, 155-159</p>
182                <lb/><p>Gauthier, Ph. (1982), ‘Les saisies licites aux dépens des étrangers dans les cités grecques’, <title>RHD</title> 60, 566-567</p>
183                <lb/><p>Heinen, H. (2001), ‘Sklaverei im nördlichen Schwarzmeergebiet’, in H. Bellen, H. Heinen (eds.), <title>Fünfzig Jahre Forschungen zur antiken Sklaverei an der Mainzer Akademie, 1950-2000</title>, Stuttgart, 487-503</p>
184                <lb/><p>Henry, A.S. (2004), <title>Torone. The Literary, Documentary and Epigraphical Testimonia</title>, I, Athens</p>
185                <lb/><p>Kupiszewski, H. (1979), ‘La lettera di Berezan’, in P. Dimakis (ed.), <title>Symposion 1979: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte</title> (Ägina, 3.-7. September 1979), Wien-Köln-Weimar, 189-199</p>
186                <lb/><p>Lombardo, M. (1988), ‘Marchands, transactions économiques, écriture’, in M. Detienne (ed.), <title>Les savoirs de l’écriture en Grèce ancienne</title>, Lille, 159-187</p>/>
187                <lb/><p>Marginesu, G. (2007), ‘Tra oralità e scrittura. A proposito della lettera di Berezan’, <title>PP</title> 62, 138-14</p>
188                <lb/><p>Merkelbach, R. (1975), ‘Nochmals die Bleitafel von Berezan’, <title>ZPE</title> 17, 161-162</p>
189                <lb/><p>Miller, A.P. (1975), ‘Notes on the Berezan lead letter’, <title>ZPE</title> 17, 157-160</p>
190                <lb/><p>Osborne, R. (2008), ‘Archaic Greece’, in I. Morris, R. Saller and W. Scheidel (eds.), <title>Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World</title>., Cambridge, 277-301</p>
191                <lb/><p>Pippidi, D.M. (1974), ‘Note de lectură’, <title>StudClas</title> 16, 253-255</p>
192                <lb/><p>Solovyov, S.L. (2007), ‘The Berezan Colony: Letter’, in A.A. Trofimova (ed.), <title>Greeks on the Black Sea: ancient art from the Hermitage</title>, Los Angeles</p>
193                <lb/><p>Vinogradov, J.G. (1971), ‘A Greek letter from Berezan’, <title>VDI</title> 4, 74-100</p>  
194                <lb/><p>Vinogradov, Y. (1998), ‘The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Region in the Light of Private Lead Letters’, in G.R. Tsetskhladze (ed.), <title>Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area. Historical Interpretation of Archaeology</title>, Stuttgart, 153-178</p>
195                <lb/><p>Wilson, J.P. (1997-1998), ‘The illiterate trader’, <title>BICS</title> 42, 29-53</p>
196                <lb/><p>Yailenko, V.P. (1974), ‘The Berezan letter of Achillodoros. Date and text’, <title>VDI</title> 1, 133-152</p>
197                <lb/><p>Yailenko, V.P. (1975), ‘The Berezan letter of Achillodoros. Interpretation’, <title>VDI</title> 3, 133-150</p>
198                </div>
199        </body>
200    </text>
201</TEI>